Medicago polymorpha

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Medicago

bur clover

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual herbs.

Stems: Stems prostrate, up to 4 dm long, branched, subglabrous, with a few long hairs on petiolules, lower surface of leaflets, and calyx.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound. Alternate. Leaflets obovate–cuneate, 7–25 mm long, 5–23 mm wide. Apex rounded to truncate or emarginate. Surfaces glabrate. Margins dentate in upper ½. Leaflets with veins extending to margins. Petiolate. Stipules narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, laciniate, adnate to petiole.

Flowers: Flowers (1–)3–5(–8) in racemes, with an explosive tripping mechanism, bracts short. Flowers papilionaceous; bracteoles absent. Calyx campanulate, the tube short, 5-toothed, the teeth subequal. Corolla yellow, 3–4.5 mm long, deciduous after anthesis, distinct from staminal tube, keel obtuse, shorter than wings. Stamens 10; upper filament distinct, the other 9 connate into a tube, none of the filaments dilated. Ovary superior, sessile; style subulate, glabrous.

Fruit: Pods 4–8(–10) mm in diameter; exserted from calyx; reniform; spirally twisted in (1.5–)3–4(–6) turns; glabrous or subglabrous; transverse veins prominent; anastomosing; groove between submarginal and marginal vein wide; with nearly straight prickles 2–3 mm long; arising from the submarginal and marginal veins. Seeds several.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 16

Habitat: Open; dry to occasionally mesic; disturbed areas such as pastures; roadsides; and vacant lots.

Elevation Range: 0–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

Synonyms (151)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Potentially Naturalizing
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 779, 1200 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:684 (K, O, L, M, H); Shannon & Wagner 1996:14 (Mo); Bruegmann 1999:2 (Mi [spms. never arrived at BISH, consider questionable])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Medicago polymorpha E, Waiakoa Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 887 Maui BISH 1963-04-21
2 Medicago polymorpha Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2024 Maui BISH 1920-01-19
3 Medicago polymorpha Makahalau, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3199 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-23
4 Medicago polymorpha Hawaii National Park, cottage Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 409 Hawaii BISH 1943-02-26
5 Medicago polymorpha Kaimuki, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3068 Oahu BISH 1925-03-21
6 Medicago polymorpha Junction Kula Hwy (37 & 377), Kula Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 476 Maui BISH 1979-04-04
7 Medicago polymorpha Waiakeakua Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 403 Lanai BISH 1929-04-12
8 Medicago polymorpha Konahuanui Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1909-11-09
9 Medicago polymorpha Kalamaula Game Management Area. Kiawe-haole koa shrubland. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, branching herb, 0,3 m tall, stems with prickly stipule at branches. Leaves obovate. Pods spirally twisted. Occasional roadside weed, also cultivated fodder plant. Hughes, G.D. 23 Molokai BISH 1992-03-08
10 Medicago polymorpha Punchbowl Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-09-27
11 Medicago polymorpha Schofield Preserved_Specimen R.H.B. Oahu BISH 1946-01-18
12 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
13 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
14 Medicago polymorpha Koele Preserved_Specimen 337 Lanai BISH 1963-12-27
15 Medicago polymorpha Between Kekaha and the ocean open arid, disturbed Prosopis area, moist areas along road Preserved_Specimen Prostrate herb with yellow flowers Herbst, D.R. 5231 Kauai BISH 1975-02-26
16 Medicago polymorpha Wheeler Airbase roadside Preserved_Specimen Prostrate herb, flower yellow Swarbrick, J.T. 0.6 Oahu BISH 1976-01-07
17 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu, Sandy Beach full sun, lawn Preserved_Specimen Prostrate; flowers lemon to canary yellow Lau, J. 2145 Oahu BISH 1986-03-17
18 Medicago polymorpha Kipapa Gulch, Waipio roadside Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1251 Oahu BISH 1934-01-07
19 Medicago polymorpha W Maui, county water treatment plant Mowed roadside along pineapple field. Preserved_Specimen Annual herb to 10cm Annable, C.R. 3932 Maui BISH 1999-02-19
20 Medicago polymorpha Saddle Road junction, Waikoloa, S. Kohala in grass near fence line Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 2433 Hawaii BISH 1982-04-05
21 Medicago polymorpha Waialua; private lotus farm on Waialua Beach Road Weed on dry bank of lotus field. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9240 Oahu BISH 1992-04-05
22 Medicago polymorpha Laie, front of BYUH sewage plant loam Preserved_Specimen Tiu, C. 63 Oahu BISH 1975-03-22
23 Medicago polymorpha E. along Kula Highway roadside Preserved_Specimen weed Hobdy, R.W. 2829 Maui BISH 1987-06-05
24 Medicago polymorpha Palihooukapapa, Paauhau, Hamakua open pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2014 Hawaii BISH 1938-04-26
25 Medicago polymorpha Parker Ranch, between Saddle Road and Puu Papapa dry pasture Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5306 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-29
26 Medicago polymorpha Maunalei Gulch, pipeline trail semi-moist grassland pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1950 Lanai BISH 1938-04-12
27 Medicago polymorpha Schofield Road roadside Preserved_Specimen weed Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1929-02-10
28 Medicago polymorpha Kaunakakai, near water tank along Forestry Rd In disturbed area. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Oppenheimer, H.L. 30416 Molokai BISH 2004-03-31
29 Medicago polymorpha Lanai City In waste areas. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50624 Lanai BISH 2006-05-12
30 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu - Habitat-Kamehameha School grounds Habitat - school grounds Preserved_Specimen habit-weed; Egler, F.E. 3711 Oahu BISH 1937-05-01
31 Medicago polymorpha Koko Head open tuff slope Preserved_Specimen prostrate; flowers yellow; fruit along lower side of stem Fosberg, F.R. 29656 Oahu BISH 1948-03-07
32 Medicago polymorpha Halawa District Park; north side of gym Growing in shade on north side of gym with Synedrellqa, Oxalis, Euphorbia, and Eleusine. Preserved_Specimen Perennial herb from taproot, mostly erect, ca. 5-10 cm. tall. > 100 plants observed Ross, M.C. 1852 Oahu BISH 2022-11-27
33 Medicago polymorpha Kaamooloa, Waialua silty loam Preserved_Specimen herb to 6; spreading clover, yellow flowers, tiny burrs Afualo, D. 146 Oahu BISH 1973-03-25
34 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu, Bishop Museum lawn Preserved_Specimen Prostrate; flowers yellow; pods spiral, spiny Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1949-05-03
35 Medicago polymorpha East Maui, Kula, on side of rd at telephone interchange station, corner of Kekaulike Ave and Kula Hwy Associated vegetation: Pennisetum clandestinum, Malva parviflora. Preserved_Specimen Annual prostrate to slightly upright herb, up to 1m long stems, purple, glabrous; stipules; no sap noted; flowers yellow; fruit pods glabrous, uncinate prickles, 5 spirals. Starr, F. 202211 Maui BISH 2002-02-21
36 Medicago polymorpha Mokuleia near beach Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
37 Medicago polymorpha Molokai Forest Reserve In yard of barracks. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50639 Molokai BISH 2005-05-17
38 Medicago polymorpha East Maui, Makawao, highway side of Kahana Pond (Haleakala Hwy.) disturbed, dominated by grasses, Pluchea indica and P. symphytifolia. Preserved_Specimen Stems sprawling; corolla yellow Wagner, W.L. 5793 Maui BISH 1988-03-03
39 Medicago polymorpha Kahuku; James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, in vicinity of bird-viewing gazebo Weed on dry ground on levee between ponds. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9219 Oahu BISH 1992-04-05
40 Medicago polymorpha Pupukea grassy margins of gravel road Preserved_Specimen Pyle, L. Oahu BISH 1985-04-21
41 Medicago polymorpha S.Kohala District, Nohonaohae cinder cone Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, creeping herb, common. Flowers yellow. Cuddihy, L.W. 231 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-19
42 Medicago polymorpha N. Kohala, Kapaanui, along Hwy 27 Preserved_Specimen Prostrate herb with yellow flowers Herbst, D.R. 5614 Hawaii BISH 1976-01-19
43 Medicago polymorpha Na Pali Coast, Honopu Beach, elevation near sea level OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Kauai HAPI 10/18/2007
44 Medicago polymorpha Parker Ranch, Puu Papapa dry pasture Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 259 Hawaii BISH 1932-06-16
45 Medicago polymorpha Hamakua Dist.; Pohakuloa Training Area, along Saddle Road Between the 30 & 45 mile markers & within 60' of road. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 11 Hawaii BISH 1990-12-13
46 Medicago polymorpha Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 279 Lanai BISH 1913-12-27
47 Medicago polymorpha Molokini Islet Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1245 Maui BISH 1982-02-14
48 Medicago polymorpha S.Kohala District, Nohonaohae cinder cone Mowed roadside along pineapple field UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Hawaii HAPI 2/19/1999
49 Medicago polymorpha unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
50 Medicago polymorpha unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
51 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu, U.H. Campus Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Oahu BISH 1923-06-04
52 Medicago polymorpha E, Waiakoa Preserved_Specimen Krauss, N.L.H. 887 Maui BISH 1963-04-21
53 Medicago polymorpha Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2024 Maui BISH 1920-01-19
54 Medicago polymorpha Makahalau, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3199 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-23
55 Medicago polymorpha Hawaii National Park, cottage Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 409 Hawaii BISH 1943-02-26
56 Medicago polymorpha Kaimuki, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3068 Oahu BISH 1925-03-21
57 Medicago polymorpha Junction Kula Hwy (37 & 377), Kula Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 476 Maui BISH 1979-04-04
58 Medicago polymorpha Waiakeakua Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 403 Lanai BISH 1929-04-12
59 Medicago polymorpha Konahuanui Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1909-11-09
60 Medicago polymorpha Kalamaula Game Management Area. Kiawe-haole koa shrubland. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, branching herb, 0,3 m tall, stems with prickly stipule at branches. Leaves obovate. Pods spirally twisted. Occasional roadside weed, also cultivated fodder plant. Hughes, G.D. 23 Molokai BISH 1992-03-08
61 Medicago polymorpha Punchbowl Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-09-27
62 Medicago polymorpha Schofield Preserved_Specimen R.H.B. Oahu BISH 1946-01-18
63 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
64 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
65 Medicago polymorpha Koele Preserved_Specimen 337 Lanai BISH 1963-12-27
66 Medicago polymorpha Between Kekaha and the ocean open arid, disturbed Prosopis area, moist areas along road Preserved_Specimen Prostrate herb with yellow flowers Herbst, D.R. 5231 Kauai BISH 1975-02-26
67 Medicago polymorpha Wheeler Airbase roadside Preserved_Specimen Prostrate herb, flower yellow Swarbrick, J.T. 0.6 Oahu BISH 1976-01-07
68 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu, Sandy Beach full sun, lawn Preserved_Specimen Prostrate; flowers lemon to canary yellow Lau, J. 2145 Oahu BISH 1986-03-17
69 Medicago polymorpha Kipapa Gulch, Waipio roadside Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1251 Oahu BISH 1934-01-07
70 Medicago polymorpha W Maui, county water treatment plant Mowed roadside along pineapple field. Preserved_Specimen Annual herb to 10cm Annable, C.R. 3932 Maui BISH 1999-02-19
71 Medicago polymorpha Saddle Road junction, Waikoloa, S. Kohala in grass near fence line Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 2433 Hawaii BISH 1982-04-05
72 Medicago polymorpha Waialua; private lotus farm on Waialua Beach Road Weed on dry bank of lotus field. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9240 Oahu BISH 1992-04-05
73 Medicago polymorpha Laie, front of BYUH sewage plant loam Preserved_Specimen Tiu, C. 63 Oahu BISH 1975-03-22
74 Medicago polymorpha E. along Kula Highway roadside Preserved_Specimen weed Hobdy, R.W. 2829 Maui BISH 1987-06-05
75 Medicago polymorpha Palihooukapapa, Paauhau, Hamakua open pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2014 Hawaii BISH 1938-04-26
76 Medicago polymorpha Parker Ranch, between Saddle Road and Puu Papapa dry pasture Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5306 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-29
77 Medicago polymorpha Maunalei Gulch, pipeline trail semi-moist grassland pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1950 Lanai BISH 1938-04-12
78 Medicago polymorpha Schofield Road roadside Preserved_Specimen weed Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1929-02-10
79 Medicago polymorpha Kaunakakai, near water tank along Forestry Rd In disturbed area. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Oppenheimer, H.L. 30416 Molokai BISH 2004-03-31
80 Medicago polymorpha Lanai City In waste areas. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50624 Lanai BISH 2006-05-12
81 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu - Habitat-Kamehameha School grounds Habitat - school grounds Preserved_Specimen habit-weed; Egler, F.E. 3711 Oahu BISH 1937-05-01
82 Medicago polymorpha Koko Head open tuff slope Preserved_Specimen prostrate; flowers yellow; fruit along lower side of stem Fosberg, F.R. 29656 Oahu BISH 1948-03-07
83 Medicago polymorpha Halawa District Park; north side of gym Growing in shade on north side of gym with Synedrellqa, Oxalis, Euphorbia, and Eleusine. Preserved_Specimen Perennial herb from taproot, mostly erect, ca. 5-10 cm. tall. > 100 plants observed Ross, M.C. 1852 Oahu BISH 2022-11-27
84 Medicago polymorpha Kaamooloa, Waialua silty loam Preserved_Specimen herb to 6; spreading clover, yellow flowers, tiny burrs Afualo, D. 146 Oahu BISH 1973-03-25
85 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu, Bishop Museum lawn Preserved_Specimen Prostrate; flowers yellow; pods spiral, spiny Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1949-05-03
86 Medicago polymorpha East Maui, Kula, on side of rd at telephone interchange station, corner of Kekaulike Ave and Kula Hwy Associated vegetation: Pennisetum clandestinum, Malva parviflora. Preserved_Specimen Annual prostrate to slightly upright herb, up to 1m long stems, purple, glabrous; stipules; no sap noted; flowers yellow; fruit pods glabrous, uncinate prickles, 5 spirals. Starr, F. 202211 Maui BISH 2002-02-21
87 Medicago polymorpha Mokuleia near beach Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
88 Medicago polymorpha Molokai Forest Reserve In yard of barracks. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 50639 Molokai BISH 2005-05-17
89 Medicago polymorpha East Maui, Makawao, highway side of Kahana Pond (Haleakala Hwy.) disturbed, dominated by grasses, Pluchea indica and P. symphytifolia. Preserved_Specimen Stems sprawling; corolla yellow Wagner, W.L. 5793 Maui BISH 1988-03-03
90 Medicago polymorpha Kahuku; James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, in vicinity of bird-viewing gazebo Weed on dry ground on levee between ponds. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9219 Oahu BISH 1992-04-05
91 Medicago polymorpha Pupukea grassy margins of gravel road Preserved_Specimen Pyle, L. Oahu BISH 1985-04-21
92 Medicago polymorpha S.Kohala District, Nohonaohae cinder cone Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, creeping herb, common. Flowers yellow. Cuddihy, L.W. 231 Hawaii BISH 1980-03-19
93 Medicago polymorpha N. Kohala, Kapaanui, along Hwy 27 Preserved_Specimen Prostrate herb with yellow flowers Herbst, D.R. 5614 Hawaii BISH 1976-01-19
94 Medicago polymorpha Na Pali Coast, Honopu Beach, elevation near sea level OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Kauai HAPI 10/18/2007
95 Medicago polymorpha Parker Ranch, Puu Papapa dry pasture Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 259 Hawaii BISH 1932-06-16
96 Medicago polymorpha Hamakua Dist.; Pohakuloa Training Area, along Saddle Road Between the 30 & 45 mile markers & within 60' of road. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 11 Hawaii BISH 1990-12-13
97 Medicago polymorpha Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 279 Lanai BISH 1913-12-27
98 Medicago polymorpha Molokini Islet Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1245 Maui BISH 1982-02-14
99 Medicago polymorpha S.Kohala District, Nohonaohae cinder cone Mowed roadside along pineapple field UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Hawaii HAPI 2/19/1999
100 Medicago polymorpha unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
101 Medicago polymorpha unknown Preserved_Specimen BISH
102 Medicago polymorpha Honolulu, U.H. Campus Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Oahu BISH 1923-06-04